name | Amanita cruzii |
name status | nomen acceptum |
author | O. K. Mill. & Lodge |
english name | "José Cruz's Amanita" |
images |
1. Amanita cruzii, Mpio. Floridablanca, Dpto. Santander, Colombia 2. Amanita cruzii, mature fruiting body with veil resting on substrate, Mpio. Floridablanca, Dpto. Santander, Colombia 3. Amanita cruzii, pulverlent cap with few remaining warts, Mpio. Floridablanca, Dpto. Santander, Colombia 4. Amanita cruzii, partial veil still attached, Mpio. Floridablanca, Dpto. Santander, Colombia 5. Amanita cruzii, partial veil, Mpio. Floridablanca, Dpto. Santander, Colombia 6. Amanita cruzii, thick pulverulence on stipe, Mpio. Floridablanca, Dpto. Santander, Colombia 7. Amanita cruzii, Mpio. Floridablanca, Dpto. Santander, Colombia 8. Amanita cruzii, close-up of universal veil layers, Mpio. Floridablanca, Dpto. Santander, Colombia 9. Amanita cruzii, intact partial veil, Mpio. Floridablanca, Dpto. Santander, Colombia 10. Amanita cruzii, button without pyramidal warts, Mpio. Floridablanca, Dpto. Santander, Colombia 11. Amanita cruzii, warts in depressions, Mpio. Floridablanca, Dpto. Santander, Colombia |
intro | The following is based on the authors' revision of the species. |
cap | The 27-85 mm wide, convex to plane cap of Amanita cruzii has a distinctive, two-layered volva. The underlying layer is rusty brown to bright orange, pulvurulent, and densely covers the cap. This layer becomes sparse and fades to pale yellowish pink to orange-yellow towards the cap's short-striate margin during expansion. The upper layer bears sordid white crumbly pyramidal warts. These fall off with age or remain in small numbers around a slight umbo in the center of the cap. Each of the warts rests on a shallow depression easily observed during the mushroom's "button" stage. |
gills | The gills are free to moderately free, crowded, pale pinkish cream to pale light cream. The short gills are plentiful, more or less truncate, and of diverse lengths. |
stem | The stem is cylindric, 90 - 140 × 10 - 15 mm at apex; light orange-yellow to pinkish orange, densely covered in powdery patches that easily come off on contact. The stem has a pallid, buff to pinkish yellow, delicate skirt-like ring with rusty orange powdery material on the bottom. The ring sometimes falls to mid-stem or collapses on the bulb. |
odor/taste | The odor of this species is faint or indistinct. |
spores | Spore data based on collections from the Dominican Republic and Colombia are: (6.5-) 8.0 - 10.5 (-11.8) × (5.5-) 6.5 - 8.5 (-9.0) µm. The spores are inamyloid and broadly ellipsoid or ellipsoid or (occasionally) subglobose. Clamps are absent at bases of basidia. |
discussion |
So far as is known, Amanita cruzii is similar to only one other species with which it shares many otherwise unique morphological characters at both macro and micro levels. Amanita cruzii and A. roseitincta both have a complexly layered volva—a brightly pigmented powdery layer set with pyramidal warts. As a result, the editors of this site propose placing these two species and no others in stirps Roseitincta. Amanita cruzii has been found associated with native pine in the mountains of the Dominican Republic and with introduced Pinus patula in a cloud forest of the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia.—C. Rodríguez Caycedo & R. E. Tulloss |
brief editors | RET |
name | Amanita cruzii | ||||||||||||||||
author | O.K. Mill. & Lodge. 2001. Mycotaxon 79: 297, figs. 6-9, 13-14, 17-18. | ||||||||||||||||
name status | nomen acceptum | ||||||||||||||||
english name | "José Cruz's Amanita" | ||||||||||||||||
etymology |
genitive of a Latinized name; hence, "of Cruz" or "Cruz's" Named in honor of the experimental agriculturalist, José Cruz, on whose experimental coffee plantation, some of the first collections of this species were found. | ||||||||||||||||
MycoBank nos. | 474290 | ||||||||||||||||
GenBank nos. |
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holotypes | JBSD [located at VPI, will be sent to JBSD in conformance with place of deposit stated in protolog] | ||||||||||||||||
intro |
The following text may make multiple use of each data field. The field may contain magenta text presenting data from a type study and/or revision of other original material cited in the protolog of the present taxon. Macroscopic descriptions in magenta are a combination of data from the protolog and additional observations made on the exiccata during revision of the cited original material. The same field may also contain black text, which is data from a revision of the present taxon (including non-type material and/or material not cited in the protolog). Paragraphs of black text will be labeled if further subdivision of this text is appropriate. Olive text indicates a specimen that has not been thoroughly examined (for example, for microscopic details) and marks other places in the text where data is missing or uncertain. The following material not directly from the protolog of the present taxon and not cited as the work of another researcher is based upon original research by C. Rodríguez Caycedo and R. E. Tulloss. | ||||||||||||||||
pileus | from protolog: (30-) 40 - 80 mm wide, light orange (6A2) when exposed in age, convex to broadly convex, dry; context firm, white; margin at first scantily appendiculate; universal veil duplex, with outer layer whitish (thin and appearing "membranous" in "buttons") and eventually comprising pyramidal warts (densest over disc, each centered in shallow depression of inner layer), with inner layer at first forming complete pulverulent and rusty brown (6C-D7 to 7D6-7) covering (disappearing with age). | ||||||||||||||||
lamellae | from protolog: free, subdistant, white, broad, with edge minutely fimbriate; lamellulae of two lengths. | ||||||||||||||||
stipe | from protolog: 55 - 90 × 4 - 13 (-20) mm, narrowing upward; bulb 17 - 28 mm wide, white; context white, firm above, below having central cylinder with "pithy" contents; partial veil apical, often evanescent, apparently "duplex," with apparent lower layer of rusty brown pulverulent material from the limbus internus of the unviersal veil, with apparent upper layer (partial veil proper) white, striate above [apparently membranous—ed.]; universal veil in raised rings above bulb and as evenly distributed to patchy rusty brown pulverulence similar to lower level of universal veil on pileus. | ||||||||||||||||
odor/taste | from protolog: "indisctinct, faint, resembling radish or potato." Taste not recorded. | ||||||||||||||||
macrochemical tests |
none recorded. | ||||||||||||||||
pileipellis | from protolog: as cutis of filamentous hyphae 3.4 - 11.0 μm wide, hyaline, thin-walled. [Note: remainder of description appears to describe basal elements of universal veil from pileus (see below)—ed.] | ||||||||||||||||
pileus context | from protolog: hyphae 3.4 - 10.0 (-24) μm wide, loosely interwoven, thin-walled, hyaline; acrophysalides not described; clamps lacking. | ||||||||||||||||
lamella trama | from protolog: diverent; hyphae 3.4 - 11.0 μm wide, thin-walled, hyaline; clamps lacking. | ||||||||||||||||
subhymenium | not described in protolog. | ||||||||||||||||
basidia | from protolog: 43 - 45 × 10 - 12 μm, 4-sterigmate, clavate, thin-walled, hyaline in 3% KOH; clamps lacking. | ||||||||||||||||
universal veil | from protolog: On pileus, pyramidal warts: filamentous hyphae scattered, thin-walled; inflated cells 16 - 68 × 13 - 33 μm, (length/width = 1.06 - 3.47; mean length/width = 1.58), subglobose to broadly ellipsoid to ovoid to ellipsoid to pyriform to elongate to cylindric to bacilliform; clamps lacking. On pileus, powdering layer: filamentous hyphae 1.7 - 4.0 μm wide, hyaline, common ("about 20%"); inflated cells 19 - 49 × 10 - 26 μm, (length/wide = 1.0 - 3.1; mean length/width = 1.76), rarely globose to subglobose to broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid to elongate to cylindric to bacilliform cells, with narrower cells often constricted; clamps lacking. [On pileus, apprently from basal layer:] as "loose trichodermium"; filamentous hyphae not described; inflated cells 21 - 52 × 7 - 21 μm, clavate, capitate, globose to irregular, terminal; clamps lacking. | ||||||||||||||||
stipe context | not described in protolog. | ||||||||||||||||
partial veil | from protolog: filamentous hyphae 2.0 - 3.5 μm, thin-walled, hyaline, branched, plentiful ("45%"); inflated cells: 19 - 49 × 10 - 26 μm (length/width ratio = 1.9 - 3.1; mean length/width ratio = 1.76), globose to subglobose to broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid to ovoid to elongate to cylindric to bacilliform, often constricted, thin-walled, plentiful to dominant; clamps lacking. [Note: Miller calls the partial veil "duplex," but doesn't say whether the above observations apply to the partial veil proper or the limbus internus of the universal veil that covers the underside of the partial veil.—ed.] | ||||||||||||||||
lamella edge tissue | from protolog: inflated cells 15 - 31 × 7.5 - 20 μm, pyriform to clavate to globose, thin-walled, hyaline in 3% KOH; clamps lacking. [Note: originally misdescribed as "cheilocystidia" by Miller.—ed.] | ||||||||||||||||
basidiospores |
from protolog: [31/-/-] 7.0 - 9.0 × 6.0 - 7.5 μm, (Q = 1.02 - 1.50; Q = 1.26), hyaline, colorless to light yellow in 3% KOH, thin-walled, inamyloid, globose to subglobose to broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid; apiculus sublateral (per figure); contents with "large central oil body"; color in deposit not recorded. CRC: [151/5/3] (6.5-) 8.0 - 10.5 (-11.8) × (5.5-) 6.5 - 8.5 (-9.0) μm, (L = 8.7 - 9.7 μm; L' = 9.2 μm; W = 7.4 - 7.8 μm; W' = 7.5 μm; Q = (1.04-) 1.11 - 1.43 (-1.56); Q = 1.19 - 1.30; Q' = 1.24), hyaline, colorless, smooth, thin-walled, inamyloid, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, infrequently globose; apiculus sublateral, cylindric; contents predominantly monoguttulate, rarely multiguttulate or granular; color in deposit not recorded. | ||||||||||||||||
ecology |
from protolog: Dominican Republic: Solitary or in small groups. At 950 - 1250 m elev. Under Pinus occidentalis in mixed woods or in plantations. CRC et al.: Colombia: In small groups. At 2226± m elev. In plantation of Pinus patula (alien). | ||||||||||||||||
material examined |
from protolog: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: PROV. LA VEGA— CRC et al.: COLOMBIA: DPTO. SANTANDER—Mpio. Floridablanca - Centro de Educación Ambiental El Diviso, km 17 en route to Cúcuta [7º06′44″ N/ 73º01′48″ W, 2226 m], 19.xi.2006 C. Rodríguez Caycedo 191106-12 (HUA). DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: PROV. LA VEGA—Los Dajaos, finca de José Cruz [19º04′46″ N/ 70º48′11″ W, 1291 m], 29.i.1998 D. J. Lodge, G. Dobler, M. Castellano & J. Trappe s.n. [Lodge DR-61, CFMR-DR-606] (CFMR, uncited original material, immature); Jarabacoa, 26.iv.2014 Claudio Angelini ANGE340 (RET 692-10); Jarabacoa Golf Course, 13.xi.2003 H. & O. K. Miller & T. J. Baroni s.n. [Baroni 9791, CFMR-DR-2863] (JBSD; CORT). PROV. SANTIAGO—La Celestina, Plan Sierra Project 4+, 4.5 km from La Celestina, 25.xi.1999 T. Armstrong & T. J. Baroni 35 [Baroni 8998, CFMR-DR-1121] (paratype, CORT; paratype, JBSD 94018). | ||||||||||||||||
discussion |
t.b.d. The numbers beginning "CFMR-DR-" are unique identifiers for individual collections in the database of the Basidiomycetes of the Greater Antilles project. These identifiers have been verified by Dr. D. Jean Lodge. The original description includes many typographical and syntactic errors. The editors are very appreciative of the assistance afforded to us by Drs. S. Redhead, D. J. Lodge, and T. Weibold in sorting out the sites of deposit of collections, collections numbers, database identifiers, related nomenclatural, and other matters. Collections cited neither in the protolog, nor in the study of CRC et al. [per database of Basidiomycetes of the Greater Antilles project (CFMR)]: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: UNKN. PROV.—unkn. loc., 23.xi.1999 unkn. coll. s.n. [CFMR-DR-1382] (??), 16.xi.2003 O. K. Miller 28511 [CFMR-DR-2964] (??; JBSD), O. K. Miller 28512 [CFMR-DR-2965] (??; JBSD), 23.xi.2003 O. K. Miller 28481 [CFMR-DR-2936] (??; JBSD). | ||||||||||||||||
citations | —C. Rodríguez Caycedo and R. E. Tulloss | ||||||||||||||||
editors | RET | ||||||||||||||||
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name | Amanita cruzii |
bottom links | [ Keys & Checklists ] |
name | Amanita cruzii |
bottom links | [ Keys & Checklists ] |
Each spore data set is intended to comprise a set of measurements from a single specimen made by a single observer; and explanations prepared for this site talk about specimen-observer pairs associated with each data set. Combining more data into a single data set is non-optimal because it obscures observer differences (which may be valuable for instructional purposes, for example) and may obscure instances in which a single collection inadvertently contains a mixture of taxa.